SS-31
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SS-31 Peptide
SS-31 (Szeto-Schiller-31), also known as MTP-131, is a tetrapeptide that has garnered interest for its potential properties related to mitochondrial dysfunction. (1) With a unique characteristic of holding a cationic 3 charge at physiological pH, this molecule appears to permeate cell membranes with ease and potentially traverses the blood-brain barrier. It has been suggested to rapidly exit cells, despite not being a substrate for P-glycoprotein. One of the most researched attributes of SS-31 is its potential to accumulate in the inner mitochondrial membrane at concentrations that appear to be over 1000 times greater than in plasma. There, the peptide may display a potential affinity for cardiolipin, an anionic phospholipid exclusively found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This binding has been suggested to disrupt the interactions between cardiolipin and cytochrome C, leading to a reduction in the oxidative inactivation of cardiolipin by cytochrome C. The mechanism may involve inhibiting the peroxidase activity of cytochrome c, while preserving Met80-heme ligation and favoring its electron carrier activity by SS-31. Given that cardiolipin has been suggested to play a pivotal role in optimizing mitochondrial electron transport and ATP production, this disruption has significant potential. It may help in the formation of mitochondrial cristae, ensuring efficient oxidative phosphorylation and minimizing the leakage of reactive oxygen species.
Chemical Makeup
Molecular formula: C 32 H 49 N 9 O 5 Molecular weight: 639.8 g/mol Sequence: D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH 2 Other known titles: MTP-131
Research and Clinical Studies
Below we have extracted information from the latest clinical and preclinical data on the potential actions of SS-31 as reported by various research models.
SS-31 and Oxidative Stress
Oxidative stress is posited as the principal factor in the development of a wide range of pathologies, such as retino